Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 03)

 C

Calendar card:
Smart Media-function card.

Calibration:

The reciprocal balancing or tuning of input and output devices, in order to receive a matching values. In this way, the colors on a monitor can be matched with the printer's colors.

CAMEDIA:

The name given to the OLYMPUS Digital Imaging products.

Candela:
Unit of illumination (cd). 1cd = 1/638 Watt per steradian

CCD:
Charged-Coupled Device.
A light sensitive semiconductor that converts received light into voltage according to the level of brightness. It is used as a chip or line sensor in digital cameras and scanners. 

CD-ROM:
Compact Disc Read Only Memory. A read only can hold up to approximately 700MB of programs, pictures, text, or other data.

Central Weighted Average Metering:
This method of exposure metering is often used for subjects with an even contrast distribution. Digital ESP: Selective multi zone metering, reflected light metering, light metering, spot metering.

Charger:
Battery Charger. A battery charger is a device used to put energy into secondary cell or rechargeable battery by focusing an electric current through it.

Chip:

General description for integrated circuits whose components (e.g. transistors, diodes, resistors) are mounted on a small plate of the semiconducting material silicon.

CIE:The International Commission on Illumination (usually abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationa de l'éclairage) is the international authority on light, illumination, color, and color spaces.

CISC:

A complex instruction set computer is a computer where single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) and/or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes without the need of additional software.

CMYK:

The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, used in color printing and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the 4 inks used in some color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black).

Color Depth:

This refers to the maximum number of colors that can be recorded by digital cameras and scanners or can be displayed by graphics cards. A true color representation can be achieved at a color depth of 8 bits per primary color, that is a 24 bit color depth. In this case, 256 bits are available for one pixel. With an RGB signal, this value is then multiplied by a factor of three so that a total of 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 colors can be displayed. High-end scanners, graphic cards etc. provide a minimum color depth of 24 bit.

Color management:

The calibration of all peripheral devices that feature in the production of color images  (monitors, scanners, color printers etc.). For example, by using a color management system, the data from a scanner is converted into values for a standard color range. The data is then arranged so that the printer can produce good color prints.

Noise:

The incorrect reproduction of color on an image (e.g. dots on an area which is supposed to be pure white).

Color temperature:

Describes the spectral energy distribution and thereby the color quality of a light source. The temperature of a color is given in Kelvin (K). It is important to choose the correct temperature so that a subject can be photographed in its true colors. The spectrum that can be seen by the human eye lies between approx. 2,790 K and 11,000 K. The international norm for average sunlight is 5,500 K.

Compact Digital Camera:

Smaller dimensions and reduced weight make these easy to handle models ideal for travel and everyday use.

Compact Flash Drive:

Rewritable removable memory or function card developed by SanDisk in 1994. In contrast with SmartMedia technology, it has a built-in controller. The newer CF type II (CF/2) cards are 5 mm thick, the CF type I are only 3.3 mm thick. ( PCMCIA-Cards/PC Cards)

Compatibility:

The ability of data, programs (software), and equipment (hardware) to run and/or work together. This allows for the individual components to be put together to form a system.

COM port:

Describes the serial interface of a computer. Often used to connect devices such as digital cameras to a computer (say USB).

Compression:

Data may be compressed to reduce storage (memory) space or transmission times (i.e reducing the amount of data). Well-known compression standards include JPEG and MPEG.

CompuServe:

Commercial data service that offers countless information and discussion panels about an unlimited variety of subjects. A computer, a modem, and a telephone line are required.

Lens Converter:

Lens extension that increases or shortens the focal distance. (Macro-converter, tele-converter, wide-angleconverter).

CPU:

Central Processing Unit. The main processor of a PC (personal computer)

CRT:Cathode Ray Tube. Electron guns inside the tube send beams onto the front surface of the tube, causing it to glow and creating a display (LCD)




 



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